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| - | In this part of the PyGTK programming tutorial, we will work with menus.
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| - | A <b>menubar</b> is one of the most common parts of the GUI application. It is a group of commands located in various menus.
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| - | While in console applications you have to remember all those arcane commands, here we have most of the commands grouped into logical parts. These are accepted standards that further reduce the amount of time spending to learn a new application.
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| - |
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| - | == Simple menu ==
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| - | In our first example, we will create a menubar with one file menu. The menu will have only one menu item. By selecting the item the application quits.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows a simple menu
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - |
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.set_title("Simple menu")
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| - | self.set_size_request(250, 200)
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| - | self.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.Color(6400, 6400, 6440))
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - |
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| - | mb = gtk.MenuBar()
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| - |
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| - | filemenu = gtk.Menu()
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| - | filem = gtk.MenuItem("File")
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| - | filem.set_submenu(filemenu)
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| - |
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| - | exit = gtk.MenuItem("Exit")
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| - | exit.connect("activate", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | filemenu.append(exit)
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| - |
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| - | mb.append(filem)
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| - |
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| - | vbox = gtk.VBox(False, 2)
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| - | vbox.pack_start(mb, False, False, 0)
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| - |
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| - | self.add(vbox)
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| - |
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | This is a small example with minimal menubar functionality.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | mb = gtk.MenuBar()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | <b>MenuBar</b> widget is created.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | filemenu = gtk.Menu()
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| - | filem = gtk.MenuItem("File")
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| - | filem.set_submenu(filemenu)
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Toplevel <b>MenuItem</b> is created.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | exit = gtk.MenuItem("Exit")
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| - | exit.connect("activate", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | filemenu.append(exit)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Exit <b>MenuItem</b> is created and appended to the File <b>MenuItem</b>.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | mb.append(filem)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Toplevel <b>MenuBar</b> widget.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | vbox = gtk.VBox(False, 2)
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| - | vbox.pack_start(mb, False, False, 0)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Unlike in other toolkits, we have to take care of the layout management of the menubar ourselves. We put the menubar into a vertical box.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_simplemenu.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == Image menu ==
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| - | In the next example, we will further explore the menus. We will add images and accelerators to our menu items. <b>Accelerators</b> are keyboard shortcuts for activating a menu item.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows a menu with
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| - | # images, accelerators and a separator
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - |
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.set_title("Image menu")
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| - | self.set_size_request(250, 200)
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| - | self.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.Color(6400, 6400, 6440))
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - |
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| - | mb = gtk.MenuBar()
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| - |
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| - | filemenu = gtk.Menu()
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| - | filem = gtk.MenuItem("_File")
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| - | filem.set_submenu(filemenu)
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| - |
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| - | agr = gtk.AccelGroup()
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| - | self.add_accel_group(agr)
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| - |
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| - | newi = gtk.ImageMenuItem(gtk.STOCK_NEW, agr)
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| - | key, mod = gtk.accelerator_parse("<Control>N")
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| - | newi.add_accelerator("activate", agr, key,
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| - | mod, gtk.ACCEL_VISIBLE)
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| - | filemenu.append(newi)
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| - |
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| - | openm = gtk.ImageMenuItem(gtk.STOCK_OPEN, agr)
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| - | key, mod = gtk.accelerator_parse("<Control>O")
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| - | openm.add_accelerator("activate", agr, key,
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| - | mod, gtk.ACCEL_VISIBLE)
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| - | filemenu.append(openm)
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| - |
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| - | sep = gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
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| - | filemenu.append(sep)
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| - | exit = gtk.ImageMenuItem(gtk.STOCK_QUIT, agr)
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| - | key, mod = gtk.accelerator_parse("<Control>Q")
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| - | exit.add_accelerator("activate", agr, key,
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| - | mod, gtk.ACCEL_VISIBLE)
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| - | exit.connect("activate", gtk.main_quit)
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| - |
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| - | filemenu.append(exit)
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| - |
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| - | mb.append(filem)
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| - | vbox = gtk.VBox(False, 2)
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| - | vbox.pack_start(mb, False, False, 0)
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| - | self.add(vbox)
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Our example shows a toplevel menu item with three sublevel menu items. Each of the menu items has a image and an accelerator. The accelerator for the quit menu item is active.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | agr = gtk.AccelGroup()
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| - | self.add_accel_group(agr)
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| - | </source>
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| - | To work with accelerators, we create a global <b>AccelGroup</b> object. It will be used later.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | newi = gtk.ImageMenuItem(gtk.STOCK_NEW, agr)
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| - | </source>
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| - | <b>ImageMenuItem</b> is created. The image comes from the stock of images.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | key, mod = gtk.accelerator_parse("<Control>N")
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| - | </source>
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| - | The <b>gtk.accelerator_parse()</b> function parses the specified accelerator string and returns a 2-tuple containing the keyval and modifier mask corresponding to accelerator.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | newi.add_accelerator("activate", agr, key,
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| - | mod, gtk.ACCEL_VISIBLE)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | This creates an Ctrl+Q accelerator for the exit menu item.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | sep = gtk.SeparatorMenuItem()
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| - | filemenu.append(sep)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | These lines create a separator. It is used to group menu items into logical groups.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_imagemenu.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == CheckMenuItem ==
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| - | A <b>CheckMenuItem</b> is a menu item with a check box. It can be used to work with boolean properties.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows how to
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| - | # use a CheckMenuItem
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - | self.set_title("Check menu item")
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| - | self.set_size_request(250, 200)
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| - | self.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.Color(6400, 6400, 6440))
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - |
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| - | mb = gtk.MenuBar()
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| - | filemenu = gtk.Menu()
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| - | filem = gtk.MenuItem("File")
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| - | filem.set_submenu(filemenu)
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| - | viewmenu = gtk.Menu()
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| - | view = gtk.MenuItem("View")
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| - | view.set_submenu(viewmenu)
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| - | stat = gtk.CheckMenuItem("View Statusbar")
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| - | stat.set_active(True)
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| - | stat.connect("activate", self.on_status_view)
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| - | viewmenu.append(stat)
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| - |
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| - | exit = gtk.MenuItem("Exit")
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| - | exit.connect("activate", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | filemenu.append(exit)
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| - | mb.append(filem)
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| - | mb.append(view)
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| - | self.statusbar = gtk.Statusbar()
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| - | self.statusbar.push(1, "Ready")
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| - | vbox = gtk.VBox(False, 2)
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| - | vbox.pack_start(mb, False, False, 0)
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| - | vbox.pack_start(gtk.Label(), True, False, 0)
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| - | vbox.pack_start(self.statusbar, False, False, 0)
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| - | self.add(vbox)
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - | def on_status_view(self, widget):
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| - | if widget.active:
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| - | self.statusbar.show()
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| - | else:
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| - | self.statusbar.hide()
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In our code example we show a check menu item. If the check box is activated, the statusbar widget is shown. If not, the statusbar is hidden.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | stat = gtk.CheckMenuItem("View Statusbar")
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| - | </source>
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| - | <b>CheckMenuItem</b> widget is created.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | stat.set_active(True)
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| - | </source>
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| - | The <b>set_active()</b> method checks/unchecks the check menu item.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | if widget.active:
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| - | self.statusbar.show()
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| - | else:
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| - | self.statusbar.hide()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Depending on the active property of the <b>CheckMenuItem</b>, we show or hide the statusbar widget.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_checkmenuitem.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == Submenu ==
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| - | Our final example demonstrates how to create a submenu in PyGTK.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows a submenu
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - | self.set_title("Submenu")
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| - | self.set_size_request(250, 200)
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| - | self.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.Color(6400, 6400, 6440))
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - |
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| - | mb = gtk.MenuBar()
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| - |
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| - | filemenu = gtk.Menu()
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| - | filem = gtk.MenuItem("File")
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| - | filem.set_submenu(filemenu)
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| - |
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| - | mb.append(filem)
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| - |
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| - | imenu = gtk.Menu()
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| - | importm = gtk.MenuItem("Import")
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| - | importm.set_submenu(imenu)
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| - |
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| - | inews = gtk.MenuItem("Import news feed...")
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| - | ibookmarks = gtk.MenuItem("Import bookmarks...")
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| - | imail = gtk.MenuItem("Import mail...")
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| - | imenu.append(inews)
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| - | imenu.append(ibookmarks)
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| - | imenu.append(imail)
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| - |
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| - | filemenu.append(importm)
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| - |
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| - | exit = gtk.MenuItem("Exit")
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| - | exit.connect("activate", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | filemenu.append(exit)
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| - | vbox = gtk.VBox(False, 2)
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| - | vbox.pack_start(mb, False, False, 0)
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| - | self.add(vbox)
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - | Submenu creation.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | imenu = gtk.Menu()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | A submenu is a <b>Menu</b>.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | importm = gtk.MenuItem("Import")
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| - | importm.set_submenu(imenu)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | It is a submenu of a menu item, which belogs to toplevel file menu.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | inews = gtk.MenuItem("Import news feed...")
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| - | ibookmarks = gtk.MenuItem("Import bookmarks...")
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| - | imail = gtk.MenuItem("Import mail...")
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| - | imenu.append(inews)
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| - | imenu.append(ibookmarks)
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| - | imenu.append(imail)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Submenu has it's own menu items.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_submenu.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | In this chapter of the PyGTK programming library, we showed, how to work with menus.
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| - |
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| - | [[Категория:Python]]
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| - | [[Категория:GTK]]
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