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| - | In computing, Internationalization and localization are means of adapting computer software for non-native environments, especially other nations and cultures. Internationalization is the process of ensuring that an application is capable of adapting to local requirements, for instance ensuring that the local writing system can be displayed. Localization is the process of adapting the software to be as familiar as possible to a specific locale, by displaying text in the local language and using local conventions for the display of such things as units of measurement. (wikipedia)
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| | | | |
| - | == Unicode ==
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| - | There are two builds of wxPython. The ansi build and the unicode build. If we want to create and use wxPython applications in languages other than english, we must have the unicode build. <b>Unicode</b> is an industry standard allowing computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in any of the world's writing systems. It is a character enconding standart which uses 16 bits for storing characters. The traditional <b>ASCII</b> enconding uses only 8 bits.
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| - |
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| - | First, we need to get the unicode enconding of Лев Николaевич Толстoй Анна Каренина words.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | >>> unicode(u'Лев Николaевич Толстoй Анна Каренина')
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| - | u'\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043aa\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447
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| - | \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441o\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430
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| - | \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430'
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We launch the python terminal and use the <i>unicode()</i> function call. Notice, that in the example, we use additional \n\ characters to divide the words into two lines.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - |
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| - | import wx
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| - |
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| - | text = u'\u041b\u0435\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\
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| - | \u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \n\
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| - | \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430'
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | class Unicode(wx.Frame):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
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| - | wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(250, 150))
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| - |
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| - | self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint)
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| - |
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| - | self.Centre()
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| - | self.Show(True)
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| - |
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| - | def OnPaint(self, event):
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| - | dc = wx.PaintDC(self)
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| - | dc.DrawText(text, 50, 50)
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| - |
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| - | app = wx.App()
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| - | Unicode(None, -1, 'Unicode')
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| - | app.MainLoop()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In the example, we draw Anna Karenina in russian azbuka on the window.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: wxPython_faq_unicode.jpg | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == Locale ==
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| - | A locale is an object that defines user's language, country, number format, letter format, currency format etc.
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| - | A local variant has the following format.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | [language[_territory][.codeset][@modifier]]
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | For example, <b>de_AT.utf8</b> is a german local used in Austria, with UTF8 codeset.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # locale.py
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| - |
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| - | import wx
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| - | import time
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| - | import locale
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| - |
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| - | class Locale(wx.Frame):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
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| - | wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(250, 420))
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| - |
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| - | panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | tm = time.localtime()
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| - |
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| - | font = wx.Font(10, wx.DEFAULT, wx.NORMAL, wx.BOLD)
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| - | us = wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'United States', (25, 20))
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| - | us.SetFont(font)
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| - |
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| - | wx.StaticLine(self, -1, (25, 50), (200 ,1))
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| - |
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| - | locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
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| - | date = time.strftime('%x', tm)
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| - | time_ = time.strftime('%X', tm)
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| - | curr = locale.currency(100000)
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| - |
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'date: ', (25, 70))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'time: ', (25, 90))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'currency: ', (25, 110))
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| - |
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, str(date), (125, 70))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, str(time_), (125, 90))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, str(curr), (125, 110))
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| - |
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| - | de = wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'Germany', (25, 150))
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| - | de.SetFont(font)
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| - |
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| - | wx.StaticLine(self, -1, (25, 180), (200,1))
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| - |
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| - | locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, ('de_DE', 'UTF8'))
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| - | date = time.strftime('%x', tm)
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| - | time_ = time.strftime('%X', tm)
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| - | curr = locale.currency(100000)
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| - |
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'date: ', (25, 200))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'time: ', (25, 220))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'currency: ', (25, 240))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, date, (125, 200))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, time_, (125, 220))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, curr, (125, 240))
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| - |
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| - | de = wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'Slovakia', (25, 280))
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| - | de.SetFont(font)
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| - |
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| - | wx.StaticLine(self, -1, (25, 310), (200,1))
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| - |
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| - | locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, ('sk_SK', 'UTF8'))
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| - | date = time.strftime('%x', tm)
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| - | time_ = time.strftime('%X', tm)
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| - | curr = locale.currency(100000)
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| - |
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'date: ', (25, 330))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'time: ', (25, 350))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, 'currency: ', (25, 370))
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| - |
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, str(date), (125, 330))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, str(time_), (125, 350))
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| - | wx.StaticText(self, -1, str(curr), (125, 370))
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| - |
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| - | self.Centre()
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| - | self.Show(True)
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| - |
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| - | app = wx.App()
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| - | Locale(None, -1, 'Locale')
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| - | app.MainLoop()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We use the standart built-in module <b>locale</b> to work with localized settings. In our example, we will show various formats of date, time and currency in the USA, Germany and Slovakia.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, ('de_DE', 'UTF8'))
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Here we set a locale object for Germany. <b>LC_ALL</b> is a combination of all various local settings, e.g. LC_TIME, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | date = time.strftime('%x', tm)
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| - | time_ = time.strftime('%X', tm)
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| - | curr = locale.currency(100000)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | These function calls reflect the current locale object.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: wxPython_faq_locale.jpg | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == World Time ==
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| - | At a specific moment, we have different time in countries across the world. Our globe is divided into time zones. It is not uncommon for programmers to deal with such tasks. wxPython comes with a <i>wx.DateTime</i> object. According to the documentation, wxDateTime class represents an absolute moment in the time.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - |
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| - | import wx
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| - | import time
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| - |
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| - | class WorldTime(wx.Frame):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
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| - | wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(270, 280))
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| - |
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| - | self.panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
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| - | self.panel.SetBackgroundColour('#000000')
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| - | font = wx.Font(12, wx.FONTFAMILY_DEFAULT,
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| - | wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL, wx.FONTWEIGHT_BOLD, False, 'Georgia')
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| - |
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| - | self.dt = wx.DateTime()
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| - |
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| - | self.tokyo = wx.StaticText(self.panel, -1,
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| - | self.dt.FormatTime() , (20, 20))
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| - | self.tokyo.SetForegroundColour('#23f002')
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| - | self.tokyo.SetFont(font)
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| - |
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| - | self.moscow = wx.StaticText(self.panel, -1,
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| - | self.dt.FormatTime() , (20, 70))
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| - | self.moscow.SetForegroundColour('#23f002')
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| - | self.moscow.SetFont(font)
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| - |
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| - | self.budapest = wx.StaticText(self.panel, -1,
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| - | self.dt.FormatTime() , (20, 120))
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| - | self.budapest.SetForegroundColour('#23f002')
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| - | self.budapest.SetFont(font)
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| - |
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| - | self.london = wx.StaticText(self.panel, -1,
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| - | self.dt.FormatTime() , (20, 170))
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| - | self.london.SetForegroundColour('#23f002')
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| - | self.london.SetFont(font)
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| - |
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| - | self.newyork = wx.StaticText(self.panel, -1,
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| - | self.dt.FormatTime() , (20, 220))
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| - | self.newyork.SetForegroundColour('#23f002')
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| - | self.newyork.SetFont(font)
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| - |
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| - | self.OnTimer(None)
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| - |
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| - | self.timer = wx.Timer(self)
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| - | self.timer.Start(1000)
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| - | self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTimer)
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| - |
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| - | self.Centre()
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| - | self.Show(True)
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| - |
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| - | def OnTimer(self, evt):
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| - | now = self.dt.Now()
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| - | self.tokyo.SetLabel('Tokyo: ' + str(now.Format(('%a %T'),
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| - | wx.DateTime.GMT_9)))
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| - | self.moscow.SetLabel('Moscow: ' + str(now.Format(('%a %T'),
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| - | wx.DateTime.MSD)))
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| - | self.budapest.SetLabel('Budapest: ' + str(now.Format(('%a %T'),
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| - | wx.DateTime.CEST)))
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| - | self.london.SetLabel('London: ' + str(now.Format(('%a %T'),
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| - | wx.DateTime.WEST)))
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| - | self.newyork.SetLabel('New York: ' + str(now.Format(('%a %T'),
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| - | wx.DateTime.EDT)))
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | app = wx.App()
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| - | WorldTime(None, -1, 'World Time')
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| - | app.MainLoop()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In the code example, we show current time in Tokyo, Moscow, Budapest, London and New York.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.dt = wx.DateTime()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Here we create a <i>wx.DateTime</i> object.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | now = self.dt.Now()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We get the "absolute moment" in time.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.tokyo.SetLabel('Tokyo: ' + str(now.Format(('%a %T'),
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| - | wx.DateTime.GMT_9)))
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | This code line sets the time to the appropriate format. The %a conversion specifier is an abbreviated weekday name according to the current locale. The %T is the time of day using decimal numbers using the format %H:%M:%S.
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| - | The second parameter of the Format() method specifies the time zone. GMT_9 is used for Japan, EDT (Eastern Daylight Saving Time) is used in New York etc.
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| - |
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| - | The code example was checked with the <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">timeanddate.com</a> website.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: wxPython_faq_worldtime.jpg | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == Sorting ==
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| - | Locale settings also affect the way, how strings are being sorted. For example hungarian language has some characters that are missing in Slovak language or English language. Some languages have accents, others don't.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # collate.py
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| - |
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| - | import wx
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| - | import locale
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| - |
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| - | ID_SORT = 1
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| - |
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| - | words = [u'Sund', u'S\xe4bel', u'S\xfcnde', u'Schl\xe4fe', u'Sabotage']
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | class Collate(wx.Frame):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
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| - | wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(300, 220))
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| - |
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| - | panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
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| - | hbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
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| - |
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| - | self.listbox = wx.ListBox(panel, -1)
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| - | for i in words:
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| - | self.listbox.Append(i)
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| - | hbox.Add(self.listbox, 1, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 20)
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| - |
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| - | btnPanel = wx.Panel(panel, -1)
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| - | vbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
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| - | new = wx.Button(btnPanel, ID_SORT, 'Sort', size=(90, 30))
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| - |
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| - | self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnSort, id=ID_SORT)
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| - |
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| - | vbox.Add((-1, 20))
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| - | vbox.Add(new)
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| - |
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| - | btnPanel.SetSizer(vbox)
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| - | hbox.Add(btnPanel, 0.6, wx.EXPAND | wx.RIGHT, 20)
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| - | panel.SetSizer(hbox)
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| - |
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| - | locale.setlocale(locale.LC_COLLATE, ('de_DE', 'UTF8'))
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| - |
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| - | self.Centre()
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| - | self.Show(True)
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| - |
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| - | def OnSort(self, event):
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| - | self.listbox.Clear()
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| - | words.sort( lambda a,b: locale.strcoll(a, b) )
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| - | for i in words:
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| - | self.listbox.Append(i)
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | app = wx.App()
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| - | Collate(None, -1, 'Collate')
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| - | app.MainLoop()
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In our example, we took 5 germam words from the dictionary. The default <i>sort()</i> function sorts these words this way: Sabotage, Schläfe, Sund, Säbel, Sünde. This is incorrect, because in german alphabet ä character precedes a character.
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| - | To get the corect sorting, we must use locale functions.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | locale.setlocale(locale.LC_COLLATE, ('de_DE', 'UTF8'))
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Here we set the german collate. We could use the <i>LC_ALL</i> option or the more specific <i>LC_COLLATE</i> one.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | words.sort( lambda a,b: locale.strcoll(a, b) )
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | The trick is to use a new compare function within the <i>sort()</i> function. We define an anonymous lambda function.
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| - | The <i>strcoll()</i> function compares two strings and returns -1, 0, 1 exactly like the default one, but it takes the locale settings (the collate) into account. This way we have the correct sorting of words.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: wxPython_faq_collate.jpg | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == Simple Translation ==
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| - |
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| - | In the following example, we will demonstrate a very basic translation.
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| - |
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| - | A programmer has two options. Either to use the GNU gettext or to use the wxPython catalogs. Both systems are compatible.
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| - |
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| - | wxPython has a class <i>wx.Locale</i>, which is a base for using message catalogs. Each translation has one catalog. Say, we want to translate a string into german language. First, we must ensure, that we have language support for german language.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | $ locale -a
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| - | C
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| - | de_AT.utf8
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| - | de_BE.utf8
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| - | de_CH.utf8
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| - | de_DE.utf8
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| - | de_LU.utf8
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| - | en_AU.utf8
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| - | en_BW.utf8
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| - | en_CA.utf8
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| - | en_DK.utf8
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| - | en_GB.utf8
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| - | en_HK.utf8
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| - | en_IE.utf8
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| - | en_IN
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| - | en_NZ.utf8
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| - | en_PH.utf8
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| - | en_SG.utf8
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| - | en_US.utf8
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| - | en_ZA.utf8
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| - | en_ZW.utf8
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| - | POSIX
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| - | sk_SK.utf8
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | To check what languages are supported, we use the <i>locale</i> command. On my system, I have english, german and slovak language support. English language and german language have different dialects, that's why we have so many options.
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| - | Notice the <b>utf8</b> string. This means, that the system uses utf8 encoding for working with strings.
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| - |
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| - | Next we write our code example. We put the string that are to be translated into this _(), or we can use the <i>wx.GetTranslation()</i> call.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - |
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| - | import wx
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| - |
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| - | class Translation(wx.Frame):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
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| - | wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(220, 100))
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| - |
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| - | panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
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| - |
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| - | mylocale = wx.Locale()
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| - | mylocale.AddCatalogLookupPathPrefix('.')
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| - | mylocale.AddCatalog('simple_de')
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| - |
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| - | _ = wx.GetTranslation
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| - |
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| - | wx.StaticText(panel, -1, _("hello"), (10, 10))
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| - | #wx.StaticText(panel, -1, wx.GetTranslation('hello'), (10, 10))
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| - |
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| - | self.Centre()
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| - | self.Show(True)
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| - |
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| - | app = wx.App()
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| - | Translation(None, -1, 'Translation')
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| - | app.MainLoop()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Next we create a so called PO file. It is a simple text file, which is translators use to translate the strings.
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| - |
| |
| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | pygettext -o simple_de.po simple.py
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | To create a po file, we use the <b>pygettext</b> command. To fully understand the format of the po file, consult the gnu gettext [http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html manual].
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We edit the simple_de.po file. We must specify the charset. In our case it is utf-8.
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| - |
| |
| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #: simple.py:17
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| - | msgid "hello"
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| - | msgstr "Grüß Gott"
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Here we provide a translation for the hello string.
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| - |
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| - | The last thing we do is to create a binary message catalog.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | msgfmt --output-file simple_de.mo simple_de.po
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | To produce a mo file, we call the <b>msgfmt</b> command.
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| - | [[image: wxPython_faq_translation.jpg | center]]
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| - | [[Категория:wxWidgets]]
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| - | [[Категория:Python]]
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