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| Строка 1: |
Строка 1: |
| - | In this section, we will create some application skeletons. Our scripts will work out the interface but will not implement the functionality. The goal is to show, how several well known GUI interfaces could be done in wxPython. Most manuals, tutorials and books show only the basic usage of a widget. When I was a beginner, I always wondered how this or this could be done. And I think, many newbies think the same.
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| | | | |
| - | == File Manager ==
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| - | File Hunter is a skeleton of a file manager. It copies the lookout of the Krusader, the best file manager available on Unix systems. If you double click on the splitter widget, it will divide the File Hunter into two parts with the same width. The same happens, if you resize the main window.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: wxPython_faq_filehunter.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - |
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| - | import wx
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| - | import os
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| - | import time
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | ID_BUTTON=100
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| - | ID_EXIT=200
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| - | ID_SPLITTER=300
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| - |
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| - | class MyListCtrl(wx.ListCtrl):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent, id):
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| - | wx.ListCtrl.__init__(self, parent, id, style=wx.LC_REPORT)
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| - |
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| - | files = os.listdir('.')
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| - | images = ['images/empty.png', 'images/folder.png', 'images/source_py.png',
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| - | 'images/image.png', 'images/pdf.png', 'images/up16.png']
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| - |
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| - | self.InsertColumn(0, 'Name')
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| - | self.InsertColumn(1, 'Ext')
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| - | self.InsertColumn(2, 'Size', wx.LIST_FORMAT_RIGHT)
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| - | self.InsertColumn(3, 'Modified')
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| - |
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| - | self.SetColumnWidth(0, 220)
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| - | self.SetColumnWidth(1, 70)
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| - | self.SetColumnWidth(2, 100)
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| - | self.SetColumnWidth(3, 420)
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| - |
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| - | self.il = wx.ImageList(16, 16)
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| - | for i in images:
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| - | self.il.Add(wx.Bitmap(i))
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| - | self.SetImageList(self.il, wx.IMAGE_LIST_SMALL)
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| - |
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| - | j = 1
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| - | self.InsertStringItem(0, '..')
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| - | self.SetItemImage(0, 5)
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| - |
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| - | for i in files:
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| - | (name, ext) = os.path.splitext(i)
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| - | ex = ext[1:]
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| - | size = os.path.getsize(i)
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| - | sec = os.path.getmtime(i)
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| - | self.InsertStringItem(j, name)
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| - | self.SetStringItem(j, 1, ex)
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| - | self.SetStringItem(j, 2, str(size) + ' B')
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| - | self.SetStringItem(j, 3, time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',
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| - | time.localtime(sec)))
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| - |
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| - | if os.path.isdir(i):
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| - | self.SetItemImage(j, 1)
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| - | elif ex == 'py':
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| - | self.SetItemImage(j, 2)
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| - | elif ex == 'jpg':
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| - | self.SetItemImage(j, 3)
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| - | elif ex == 'pdf':
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| - | self.SetItemImage(j, 4)
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| - | else:
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| - | self.SetItemImage(j, 0)
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| - |
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| - | if (j % 2) == 0:
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| - | self.SetItemBackgroundColour(j, '#e6f1f5')
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| - | j = j + 1
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | class FileHunter(wx.Frame):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
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| - | wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, title)
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| - |
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| - | self.splitter = wx.SplitterWindow(self, ID_SPLITTER, style=wx.SP_BORDER)
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| - | self.splitter.SetMinimumPaneSize(50)
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| - |
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| - | p1 = MyListCtrl(self.splitter, -1)
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| - | p2 = MyListCtrl(self.splitter, -1)
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| - | self.splitter.SplitVertically(p1, p2)
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| - |
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| - | self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize)
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| - | self.Bind(wx.EVT_SPLITTER_DCLICK, self.OnDoubleClick, id=ID_SPLITTER)
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| - |
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| - | filemenu= wx.Menu()
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| - | filemenu.Append(ID_EXIT,"E&xit"," Terminate the program")
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| - | editmenu = wx.Menu()
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| - | netmenu = wx.Menu()
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| - | showmenu = wx.Menu()
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| - | configmenu = wx.Menu()
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| - | helpmenu = wx.Menu()
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| - |
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| - | menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
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| - | menuBar.Append(filemenu,"&File")
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| - | menuBar.Append(editmenu, "&Edit")
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| - | menuBar.Append(netmenu, "&Net")
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| - | menuBar.Append(showmenu, "&Show")
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| - | menuBar.Append(configmenu, "&Config")
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| - | menuBar.Append(helpmenu, "&Help")
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| - | self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
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| - | self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnExit, id=ID_EXIT)
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| - |
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| - | tb = self.CreateToolBar( wx.TB_HORIZONTAL | wx.NO_BORDER |
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| - | wx.TB_FLAT | wx.TB_TEXT)
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| - | tb.AddSimpleTool(10, wx.Bitmap('images/previous.png'), 'Previous')
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| - | tb.AddSimpleTool(20, wx.Bitmap('images/up.png'), 'Up one directory')
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| - | tb.AddSimpleTool(30, wx.Bitmap('images/home.png'), 'Home')
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| - | tb.AddSimpleTool(40, wx.Bitmap('images/refresh.png'), 'Refresh')
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| - | tb.AddSeparator()
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| - | tb.AddSimpleTool(50, wx.Bitmap('images/write.png'), 'Editor')
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| - | tb.AddSimpleTool(60, wx.Bitmap('images/terminal.png'), 'Terminal')
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| - | tb.AddSeparator()
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| - | tb.AddSimpleTool(70, wx.Bitmap('images/help.png'), 'Help')
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| - | tb.Realize()
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| - |
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| - | self.sizer2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
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| - |
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| - | button1 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 1, "F3 View")
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| - | button2 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 2, "F4 Edit")
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| - | button3 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 3, "F5 Copy")
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| - | button4 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 4, "F6 Move")
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| - | button5 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 5, "F7 Mkdir")
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| - | button6 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 6, "F8 Delete")
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| - | button7 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 7, "F9 Rename")
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| - | button8 = wx.Button(self, ID_EXIT, "F10 Quit")
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| - |
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| - | self.sizer2.Add(button1, 1, wx.EXPAND)
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| - | self.sizer2.Add(button2, 1, wx.EXPAND)
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| - | self.sizer2.Add(button3, 1, wx.EXPAND)
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| - | self.sizer2.Add(button4, 1, wx.EXPAND)
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| - | self.sizer2.Add(button5, 1, wx.EXPAND)
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| - | self.sizer2.Add(button6, 1, wx.EXPAND)
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| - | self.sizer2.Add(button7, 1, wx.EXPAND)
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| - | self.sizer2.Add(button8, 1, wx.EXPAND)
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| - |
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| - | self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnExit, id=ID_EXIT)
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| - |
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| - | self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
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| - | self.sizer.Add(self.splitter,1,wx.EXPAND)
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| - | self.sizer.Add(self.sizer2,0,wx.EXPAND)
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| - | self.SetSizer(self.sizer)
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| - |
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| - | size = wx.DisplaySize()
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| - | self.SetSize(size)
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| - |
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| - | self.sb = self.CreateStatusBar()
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| - | self.sb.SetStatusText(os.getcwd())
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| - | self.Center()
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| - | self.Show(True)
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | def OnExit(self,e):
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| - | self.Close(True)
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| - |
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| - | def OnSize(self, event):
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| - | size = self.GetSize()
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| - | self.splitter.SetSashPosition(size.x / 2)
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| - | self.sb.SetStatusText(os.getcwd())
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| - | event.Skip()
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | def OnDoubleClick(self, event):
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| - | size = self.GetSize()
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| - | self.splitter.SetSashPosition(size.x / 2)
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| - |
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| - | app = wx.App(0)
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| - | FileHunter(None, -1, 'File Hunter')
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| - | app.MainLoop()
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | == SpreadSheet ==
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| - | Gnumeric, KSpread and OpenOffice Calc are famous spreadsheet applications available on Unix. The following example shows a skeleton of a spreadsheet application in wxPython.
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| - |
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| - | Applications have their own life. This is also true for educational scripts. After uprading to wx.Python 2.8.1.1 I realized, that the spreadsheet example does not work. The following line was the problem.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | toolbar2.AddControl(wx.StaticText(toolbar2, -1, ' '))
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Of course, we cannot add a widget to itself. But the previous version of the toolkit was happy with it. Under the current version it did not work, signalizing a problem. It might or might not work on the Mac and Windows. Originally, I wanted to add some space between the combo boxes. Under the new version of the toolkit it stopped to work either so I dropped the line.
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| - |
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| - | Besides fixing this bug, I also cleaned the code a bit and replaced the depreciated methods (<i>AddSimpleTool()</i>) of the toolbar with the new ones (<i>AddLabelTool()</i>).
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| - |
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| - | [[image: wxPython_faq_spreadsheet.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # spreadsheet.py
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| - |
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| - | from wx.lib import sheet
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| - | import wx
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | class MySheet(sheet.CSheet):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent):
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| - | sheet.CSheet.__init__(self, parent)
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| - | self.row = self.col = 0
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| - | self.SetNumberRows(55)
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| - | self.SetNumberCols(25)
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| - |
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| - | for i in range(55):
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| - | self.SetRowSize(i, 20)
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| - |
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| - | def OnGridSelectCell(self, event):
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| - | self.row, self.col = event.GetRow(), event.GetCol()
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| - | control = self.GetParent().GetParent().position
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| - | value = self.GetColLabelValue(self.col) + self.GetRowLabelValue(self.row)
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| - | control.SetValue(value)
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| - | event.Skip()
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| - |
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| - | class Newt(wx.Frame):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
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| - | wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, title, size = (550, 500))
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| - |
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| - | fonts = ['Times New Roman', 'Times', 'Courier', 'Courier New', 'Helvetica',
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| - | 'Sans', 'verdana', 'utkal', 'aakar', 'Arial']
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| - | font_sizes = ['10', '11', '12', '14', '16']
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| - |
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| - | box = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
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| - | menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
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| - |
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| - | menu1 = wx.Menu()
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| - | menuBar.Append(menu1, '&File')
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| - | menu2 = wx.Menu()
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| - | menuBar.Append(menu2, '&Edit')
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| - | menu3 = wx.Menu()
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| - | menuBar.Append(menu3, '&Edit')
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| - | menu4 = wx.Menu()
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| - | menuBar.Append(menu4, '&Insert')
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| - | menu5 = wx.Menu()
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| - | menuBar.Append(menu5, 'F&ormat')
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| - | menu6 = wx.Menu()
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| - | menuBar.Append(menu6, '&Tools')
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| - | menu7 = wx.Menu()
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| - | menuBar.Append(menu7, '&Data')
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| - | menu8 = wx.Menu()
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| - | menuBar.Append(menu8, '&Help')
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| - |
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| - | self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
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| - |
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| - | toolbar1 = wx.ToolBar(self, -1, style= wx.TB_HORIZONTAL)
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_new.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_open.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_save.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddSeparator()
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_cut.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_copy.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_paste.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_delete.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddSeparator()
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_undo.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_redo.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddSeparator()
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/incr22.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/decr22.png'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddSeparator()
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/chart.xpm'))
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| - | toolbar1.AddSeparator()
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| - | toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_exit.png'))
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| - |
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| - | toolbar1.Realize()
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| - |
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| - | toolbar2 = wx.ToolBar(self, wx.TB_HORIZONTAL | wx.TB_TEXT)
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| - |
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| - | self.position = wx.TextCtrl(toolbar2)
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| - | font = wx.ComboBox(toolbar2, -1, value = 'Times', choices=fonts, size=(100, -1),
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| - | style=wx.CB_DROPDOWN)
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| - | font_height = wx.ComboBox(toolbar2, -1, value = '10', choices=font_sizes,
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| - | size=(50, -1), style=wx.CB_DROPDOWN)
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| - |
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| - | toolbar2.AddControl(self.position)
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| - | toolbar2.AddControl(font)
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| - | toolbar2.AddControl(font_height)
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| - | toolbar2.AddSeparator()
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| - | bold = wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_text_bold.png')
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| - | toolbar2.AddCheckTool(-1, bold)
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| - | italic = wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_text_italic.png')
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| - | toolbar2.AddCheckTool(-1, italic)
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| - | under = wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_text_underline.png')
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| - | toolbar2.AddCheckTool(-1, under)
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| - | toolbar2.AddSeparator()
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| - | toolbar2.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/text_align_left.png'))
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| - | toolbar2.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/text_align_center.png'))
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| - | toolbar2.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/text_align_right.png'))
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| - |
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| - | box.Add(toolbar1, border=5)
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| - | box.Add((5,5) , 0)
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| - | box.Add(toolbar2)
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| - | box.Add((5,10) , 0)
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| - |
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| - | toolbar2.Realize()
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| - | self.SetSizer(box)
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| - | notebook = wx.Notebook(self, -1, style=wx.RIGHT)
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| - |
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| - | sheet1 = MySheet(notebook)
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| - | sheet2 = MySheet(notebook)
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| - | sheet3 = MySheet(notebook)
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| - | sheet1.SetFocus()
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| - |
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| - | notebook.AddPage(sheet1, 'Sheet1')
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| - | notebook.AddPage(sheet2, 'Sheet2')
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| - | notebook.AddPage(sheet3, 'Sheet3')
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| - |
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| - | box.Add(notebook, 1, wx.EXPAND)
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| - |
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| - | self.CreateStatusBar()
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| - | self.Centre()
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| - | self.Show(True)
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| - |
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| - | app = wx.App()
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| - | Newt(None, -1, 'SpreadSheet')
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| - | app.MainLoop()
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Much of the code builds the menus and toolbars. Besides, it is quite a simple example.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | class MySheet(sheet.CSheet):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent):
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| - | sheet.CSheet.__init__(self, parent)
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| - | self.row = self.col = 0
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| - | self.SetNumberRows(55)
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| - | self.SetNumberCols(25)
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| - |
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| - | for i in range(55):
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| - | self.SetRowSize(i, 20)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | The MySheet class inherits from the CSheet class, which is located in thel wx.lib module. It is basically a wx.Grid widget with some additional functionality. We set the row size to 20px. This is purely for aesthetical purpose.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | control = self.GetParent().GetParent().position
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | The position text control shows the selected cell of the grid widget. It is the first widget of the second toolbar. Being inside a MySheet class, we need to get a reference to the text control, which is defined in the Newt class. MySheet is a child of the notebook. And notebook is a child of Newt. So we manage to get to the position text control by calling the <i>GetParent()</i> method twice.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | notebook = wx.Notebook(self, -1, style=wx.RIGHT)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | This is a bug. Under current version of wxPython (on GTK+), right is bottom and bottom is right.
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| - |
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| - | == Browser ==
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| - | These days internet browsers are one of the most important applications in the IT world.
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| - | The best available browsers are Opera and Firefox. We mimic the look of a Firefox in our script.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: wxPython_faq_browser.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - |
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| - | import wx
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| - | from wx.lib.buttons import GenBitmapTextButton
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| - |
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| - | class Browser(wx.Frame):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
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| - | wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(450, 400))
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| - | panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
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| - | panel.SetBackgroundColour('WHITE')
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| - |
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| - | menubar = wx.MenuBar()
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| - | file = wx.Menu()
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| - | file.Append(1, '&Quit', '')
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| - | edit = wx.Menu()
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| - | view = wx.Menu()
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| - | go = wx.Menu()
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| - | bookmarks = wx.Menu()
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| - | tools = wx.Menu()
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| - | help = wx.Menu()
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| - |
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| - | menubar.Append(file, '&File')
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| - | menubar.Append(edit, '&Edit')
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| - | menubar.Append(view, '&View')
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| - | menubar.Append(go, '&Go')
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| - | menubar.Append(bookmarks, '&Bookmarks')
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| - | menubar.Append(tools, '&Tools')
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| - | menubar.Append(help, '&Help')
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| - |
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| - | self.SetMenuBar(menubar)
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| - |
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| - | vbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
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| - | hbox1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
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| - | hbox2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
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| - | toolbar1 = wx.Panel(panel, -1, size=(-1, 40))
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| - | back = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/back.png'),
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| - | style=wx.NO_BORDER)
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| - | forward = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/forward.png'),
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| - | style=wx.NO_BORDER)
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| - | refresh = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/refresh.png'),
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| - | style=wx.NO_BORDER)
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| - | stop = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/stop.png'),
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| - | style=wx.NO_BORDER)
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| - | home = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/home.png'),
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| - | style=wx.NO_BORDER)
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| - | address = wx.ComboBox(toolbar1, -1, size=(50, -1))
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| - | go = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/go.png'),
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| - | style=wx.NO_BORDER)
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| - | text = wx.TextCtrl(toolbar1, -1, size=(150, -1))
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| - |
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| - | hbox1.Add(back)
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| - | hbox1.Add(forward)
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| - | hbox1.Add(refresh)
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| - | hbox1.Add(stop)
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| - | hbox1.Add(home)
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| - | hbox1.Add(address, 1, wx.TOP, 4)
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| - | hbox1.Add(go, 0, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT, 4)
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| - | hbox1.Add(text, 0, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT, 4)
| |
| - |
| |
| - | vbox.Add(toolbar1, 0, wx.EXPAND)
| |
| - | line = wx.StaticLine(panel)
| |
| - | vbox.Add(line, 0, wx.EXPAND)
| |
| - |
| |
| - | toolbar2 = wx.Panel(panel, -1, size=(-1, 30))
| |
| - | bookmark1 = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar2, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/love.png'),
| |
| - | style=wx.NO_BORDER)
| |
| - | bookmark2 = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar2, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/books.png'),
| |
| - | style=wx.NO_BORDER)
| |
| - | bookmark3 = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar2, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/sound.png'),
| |
| - | style=wx.NO_BORDER)
| |
| - | hbox2.Add(bookmark1, flag=wx.RIGHT, border=5)
| |
| - | hbox2.Add(bookmark2, flag=wx.RIGHT, border=5)
| |
| - | hbox2.Add(bookmark3)
| |
| - | toolbar2.SetSizer(hbox2)
| |
| - | vbox.Add(toolbar2, 0, wx.EXPAND)
| |
| - | line = wx.StaticLine(panel)
| |
| - | vbox.Add(line, 0, wx.EXPAND)
| |
| - |
| |
| - | panel.SetSizer(vbox)
| |
| - |
| |
| - | self.CreateStatusBar()
| |
| - | self.Centre()
| |
| - | self.Show(True)
| |
| - |
| |
| - | app = wx.App(0)
| |
| - | Browser(None, -1, 'Browser')
| |
| - | app.MainLoop()
| |
| - | </source>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | The question was, how to create a sizeable combo box, that is used in both Firefox and Opera? We cannot use a <i>wx.Toolbar</i>. It is not possible to create such a functionality with <i>wx.Toolbar</i>. Confirmed with Robin Dunn. So we must do a workaround.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <source lang="python">
| |
| - | toolbar1 = wx.Panel(panel, -1, size=(-1, 40))
| |
| - | </source>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | The trick is simple. We create a plain <i>wx.Panel</i>.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <source lang="python">
| |
| - | hbox1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
| |
| - | ...
| |
| - | hbox1.Add(back)
| |
| - | hbox1.Add(forward)
| |
| - | hbox1.Add(refresh)
| |
| - | </source>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | We create a horizontal sizer and add all necessary buttons.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <source lang="python">
| |
| - | hbox1.Add(address, 1, wx.TOP, 4)
| |
| - | </source>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | Then we add the combo box to the sizer. This kind of combo box is usually called an address bar. Notice, that it is the only widget, that has the proportion set to 1. This was necessary to make it resizable.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | The second toolbar was created in a similar way. The toolbars are separated by a line. First I thought, it was some kind of a panel border. I tested all possible borders, but it wasn't quite what I expected.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <source lang="python">
| |
| - | line = wx.StaticLine(panel)
| |
| - | </source>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | Then I suddently got it. It is a simple static line!
| |
| - |
| |
| - | Sometimes, we must create a solution, for which we don't have a suitable widget. By using simple common sense, we can easily find a way.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | [[Категория:wxWidgets]]
| |
| - | [[Категория:Python]]
| |
