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| - | Dialog windows or dialogs are an indispensable part of most modern GUI applications. A dialog is defined as a conversation between two or more persons. In a computer application a dialog is a window which is used to "talk" to the application. A dialog is used to input data, modify data, change the application settings etc. Dialogs are important means of communication between a user and a computer program.
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| - | There are essentially two types of dialogs. Predefined dialogs and custom dialogs.
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| | | | |
| - | =Predefined Dialogs=
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| - | == QInputDialog ==
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| - | The <i>QInputDialog</i> provides a simple convenience dialog to get a single value from the user.
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| - | The input value can be a string, a number or an item from a list.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - |
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| - | # inputdialog.py
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| - |
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| - | import sys
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| - | from PyQt4 import QtGui
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| - | from PyQt4 import QtCore
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| - | class InputDialog(QtGui.QWidget):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent=None):
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| - | QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
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| - | self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 80)
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| - | self.setWindowTitle('InputDialog')
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| - |
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| - | self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('Dialog', self)
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| - | self.button.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.NoFocus)
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| - |
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| - | self.button.move(20, 20)
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| - | self.connect(self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.showDialog)
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| - | self.setFocus()
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| - |
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| - | self.label = QtGui.QLineEdit(self)
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| - | self.label.move(130, 22)
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| - | def showDialog(self):
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| - | text, ok = QtGui.QInputDialog.getText(self, 'Input Dialog', 'Enter your name:')
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| - | if ok:
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| - | self.label.setText(unicode(text))
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| - | app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
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| - | icon = InputDialog()
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| - | icon.show()
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| - | app.exec_()
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| - | </source>
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| - | The example has a button and a line edit widget. The button shows the input dialog for getting text values.
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| - | The entered text will be displayed in the line edit widget.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | text, ok = QtGui.QInputDialog.getText(self, 'Input Dialog', 'Enter your name:')
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| - | </source>
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| - | This line displays the input dialog. The first string is a dialog title, the second one is a message within the dialog.
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| - | The dialog returns the entered text and a boolean value. If we clicked ok button, the boolean value is true, otherwise false.
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| - | [[image: pyqt_faq_inputdialog.jpg | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == QColorDialog ==
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| - | The <i>QColorDialog</i> provides a dialog widget for specifying colors.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - |
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| - | # colordialog.py
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| - |
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| - | import sys
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| - | from PyQt4 import QtGui
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| - | from PyQt4 import QtCore
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| - | class ColorDialog(QtGui.QWidget):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent=None):
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| - | QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
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| - |
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| - | color = QtGui.QColor(0, 0, 0)
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| - | self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 180)
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| - | self.setWindowTitle('ColorDialog')
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| - |
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| - | self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('Dialog', self)
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| - | self.button.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.NoFocus)
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| - | self.button.move(20, 20)
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| - | self.connect(self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.showDialog)
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| - | self.setFocus()
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| - | self.widget = QtGui.QWidget(self)
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| - | self.widget.setStyleSheet("QWidget { background-color: %s }"
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| - | % color.name())
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| - | self.widget.setGeometry(130, 22, 100, 100)
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| - | def showDialog(self):
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| - | color = QtGui.QColorDialog.getColor()
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| - | self.widget.setStyleSheet("QWidget { background-color: %s }"
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| - | % color.name())
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| - | app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
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| - | cd = ColorDialog()
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| - | cd.show()
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| - | app.exec_()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | The application example shows a push button and a <i>QWidget</i>. The widget background is set to black color.
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| - | Using the <i>QColorDialog</i>, we can change it's background.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | color = QtGui.QColorDialog.getColor()
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| - | </source>
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| - | This line will pop up the <i>QColorDialog</i>.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.widget.setStyleSheet("QWidget { background-color: %s }"
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| - | % color.name())
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We change the background color using stylesheets.
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| - | [[image: pyqt_faq_colordialog.jpg | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == QFontDialog ==
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| - | The <i>QFontDialog</i> is a dialog widget for selecting font.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # fontdialog.py
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| - |
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| - | import sys
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| - | from PyQt4 import QtGui
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| - | from PyQt4 import QtCore
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| - | class FontDialog(QtGui.QWidget):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent=None):
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| - | QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
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| - | hbox = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
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| - | self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 110)
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| - | self.setWindowTitle('FontDialog')
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| - | button = QtGui.QPushButton('Dialog', self)
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| - | button.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.NoFocus)
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| - | button.move(20, 20)
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| - | hbox.addWidget(button)
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| - | self.connect(button, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.showDialog)
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| - | self.label = QtGui.QLabel('Knowledge only matters', self)
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| - | self.label.move(130, 20)
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| - | hbox.addWidget(self.label, 1)
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| - | self.setLayout(hbox)
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| - | def showDialog(self):
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| - | font, ok = QtGui.QFontDialog.getFont()
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| - | if ok:
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| - | self.label.setFont(font)
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| - | app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
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| - | cd = FontDialog()
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| - | cd.show()
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| - | app.exec_()
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| - | </source>
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| - | In our example, we have a button and a label. With <i>QFontDialog</i>, we change the font of the label.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | hbox.addWidget(self.label, 1)
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| - | </source>
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| - | We make the label resizable. It is necessary, because when we select a different font, the text may become larger.
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| - | Otherwise the label might not be fully visible.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | font, ok = QtGui.QFontDialog.getFont()
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| - | </source>
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| - | Here we pop up the font dialog.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | if ok:
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| - | self.label.setFont(font)
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| - | </source>
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| - | If we clicked ok, the font of the label was changed.
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| - | [[image: pyqt_faq_fontdialog.jpg | center]]
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| - | == QFileDialog ==
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| - | The <i>QFileDialog</i> is a dialog that allows users to select files or directories. The files can be selected for both opening a saving.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - |
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| - | # openfiledialog.py
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| - |
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| - | import sys
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| - | from PyQt4 import QtGui
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| - | from PyQt4 import QtCore
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| - | class OpenFile(QtGui.QMainWindow):
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| - | def __init__(self, parent=None):
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| - | QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)
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| - | self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 300)
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| - | self.setWindowTitle('OpenFile')
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| - | self.textEdit = QtGui.QTextEdit()
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| - | self.setCentralWidget(self.textEdit)
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| - | self.statusBar()
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| - | self.setFocus()
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| - | exit = QtGui.QAction(QtGui.QIcon('open.png'), 'Open', self)
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| - | exit.setShortcut('Ctrl+O')
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| - | exit.setStatusTip('Open new File')
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| - | self.connect(exit, QtCore.SIGNAL('triggered()'), self.showDialog)
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| - | menubar = self.menuBar()
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| - | file = menubar.addMenu('&File')
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| - | file.addAction(exit)
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| - | def showDialog(self):
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| - | filename = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open file',
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| - | '/home')
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| - | file=open(filename)
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| - | data = file.read()
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| - | self.textEdit.setText(data)
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| - | app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
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| - | cd = OpenFile()
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| - | cd.show()
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| - | app.exec_()
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| - | </source>
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| - | The example shows a menubar, centrally set text edit widget and a statusbar. The statusbar is shown only for desing purposes.
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| - | The the menu item shows the <i>QFileDialog</i> which is used to select a file. The contents of the file are loaded into the text edit widget.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | class OpenFile(QtGui.QMainWindow):
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| - | ...
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| - | self.textEdit = QtGui.QTextEdit()
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| - | self.setCentralWidget(self.textEdit)
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| - | </source>
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| - | The example is based on the <i>QMainWindow</i> widget, because we centrally set the text edit widget.
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| - | This is easily done with the <i>QMainWindow</i> widget, without resorting to layouts.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | filename = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open file',
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| - | '/home')
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| - | </source>
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| - | We pop up the <i>QFileDialog</i>. The first string in the getOpenFileName method is the caption. The second string specifies the dialog working directory. By default, the file filter is set to All files (*).
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | file=open(filename)
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| - | data = file.read()
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| - | self.textEdit.setText(data)
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| - | </source>
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| - | The selected file name is read and the contents of the file are set to the text edit widget.
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| - | [[image: pyqt_faq_filedialog.jpg | center]]
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| - | [[Категория:Qt]]
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| - | [[Категория:Python]]
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