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| - | <h1>First steps in PyGTK</h1>
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| - | In this part of the PyGTK programming tutorial, we will do our first steps in programming.
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| - | We will create simple programs.
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| - | == Simple example ==
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| - | The first code example is a very simple one.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This is a trivial PyGTK example
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - | import gtk
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.set_size_request(250, 150)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | self.show()
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - | This code shows a centered window.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | import gtk
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We import the gtk module. Here we have objects to create GUI applications.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | </source>
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| - | Our application is based on the <b>PyApp</b> class. It inherits from the <b>Window</b>.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - | </source>
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| - | This is the constructor. It builds our application. It also calls it's parent constructor through the <b>super()</b> call.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | </source>
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| - | We connect the <b>main_quit()</b> function.
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| - | The <b>destroy</b> signal is called when we click on the close
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| - | button in the titlebar or press Alt + F4. The window is being destroyed, but the application is not. You can see it, if you launch the example from the command line.
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| - | By calling the <b>main_quit()</b> we quit the application for good.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.set_size_request(250, 150)
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| - | </source>
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| - | We set the size of the window to 250x150px.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | </source>
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| - | This line centers the window on the screen.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.show()
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| - | </source>
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| - | Now we show the window. The window is not visible, until we call the <b>show()</b> method.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - | We create the instance of our program and start the main loop.
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| - |
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| - | == Icon ==
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| - | In the next example, we show the application icon. Most window managers display the icon in the left corner of the titlebar and also on the taskbar.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows an icon
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| - | # in the titlebar of the window
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - | import gtk
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - | self.set_title("Icon")
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| - | self.set_size_request(250, 150)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | try:
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| - | self.set_icon_from_file("web.png")
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| - | except Exception, e:
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| - | print e.message
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| - | sys.exit(1)
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.show()
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - | The code example shows the application icon.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.set_title("Icon")
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| - | </source>
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| - | We set a title for the window.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.set_icon_from_file("web.png")
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| - | </source>
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| - | The <b>set_icon_from_file()</b> method sets an icon for the window. The image is loaded from disk in the current working directory.
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_icon.png | center]]
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| - | == Buttons ==
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| - | In the next example, we will further enhance our programming skills with the PyGTK library.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows four buttons
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| - | # in various modes
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - | self.set_title("Buttons")
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| - | self.set_size_request(250, 200)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | btn1 = gtk.Button("Button")
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| - | btn1.set_sensitive(False)
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| - | btn2 = gtk.Button("Button")
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| - | btn3 = gtk.Button(stock=gtk.STOCK_CLOSE)
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| - | btn4 = gtk.Button("Button")
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| - | btn4.set_size_request(80, 40)
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| - | fixed = gtk.Fixed()
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| - | fixed.put(btn1, 20, 30)
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| - | fixed.put(btn2, 100, 30)
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| - | fixed.put(btn3, 20, 80)
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| - | fixed.put(btn4, 100, 80)
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.add(fixed)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - | We show four different buttons on the window. We will see a difference between container widgets and child widgets and will change some properties of child widgets.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | btn1 = gtk.Button("Button")
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| - | </source>
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| - | A <b>Button</b> is a child widget. Child widgets are placed inside containers.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | btn1.set_sensitive(False)
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| - | </source>
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| - | We make this button insensitive. This means, we cannot click on it. Nor it can be selected, focused etc. Graphically the widget is grayed out.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | btn3 = gtk.Button(stock=gtk.STOCK_CLOSE)
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| - | </source>
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| - | The third button shows an image inside it's area. The PyGTK library has a built-in stock of images, that we can use.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | btn4.set_size_request(80, 40)
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| - | </source>
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| - | Here we change the size of the button.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | fixed = gtk.Fixed()
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| - | </source>
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| - | <b>Fixed</b> widget is a non visible container widget. It's purpose is to contain other child widgets.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | fixed.put(btn1, 20, 30)
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| - | fixed.put(btn2, 100, 30)
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| - | ...
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| - | </source>
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| - | Here we place button widgets inside fixed container widget.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.add(fixed)
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| - | </source>
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| - | We set the <b>Fixed</b> container to be the main container for our <b>Window</b> widget.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - | </source>
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| - | We can either call <b>show()</b> method on each of the widgets. Including containers.
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_buttons.png | center]]
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| - | == Tooltip ==
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| - | A tooltip is a hint on a widget in the applications. Can be used to provide additional help.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This code shows a tooltip on
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| - | # a window and a button
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - | import gtk
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - | self.set_title("Tooltips")
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| - | self.set_size_request(250, 200)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.fixed = gtk.Fixed()
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| - | self.add(self.fixed)
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| - | button = gtk.Button("Button")
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| - | button.set_size_request(80, 35)
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| - | self.fixed.put(button, 50, 50)
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| - | self.set_tooltip_text("Window widget")
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| - | button.set_tooltip_text("Button widget")
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - | In this example we set a tooltip for a window and for a button.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.set_tooltip_text("Window widget")
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| - | button.set_tooltip_text("Button widget")
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| - | </source>
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| - | The <b>set_tooltip_text()</b> does the job.
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_tooltips.png | center]]
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| - | In this chapter, we created first programs in PyGTK programming library.
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| - | [[Категория:Python]]
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| - | [[Категория:GTK+]]
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